Which statement about ARND is true?

Which statement about ARND is true?

• A. ARND involves neurodevelopmental effects without the facial features typical of FAS.
• B. ARND always includes facial anomalies.
• C. ARND is caused by postnatal alcohol exposure.
• D. ARND affects only physical growth.

Answer: (A)

ARND describes neurodevelopmental problems caused by prenatal alcohol exposure that occur without the facial features seen in FAS. The key idea is that brain-based effects—like learning difficulties, memory and attention problems, and executive functioning deficits—can arise even when facial anomalies are not present. It reflects prenatal exposure effects on brain development rather than postnatal exposure or solely physical growth issues. Therefore, the statement that ARND involves neurodevelopmental effects without the facial features typical of FAS is the accurate one.

ARND describes neurodevelopmental problems caused by prenatal alcohol exposure that occur without the facial features seen in FAS. The key idea is that brain-based effects—like learning difficulties, memory and attention problems, and executive functioning deficits—can arise even when facial anomalies are not present. It reflects prenatal exposure effects on brain development rather than postnatal exposure or solely physical growth issues. Therefore, the statement that ARND involves neurodevelopmental effects without the facial features typical of FAS is the accurate one.